Multiple action lubricating composition



United States Patent m MULTIPLE ACTION LUBRICATING COMPOSITION LudwigKarl Schuster, Philadelphia, and Harvey Auraud Whitenight, Norristown,Pa.

No Drawing. Application July 20, 1950, Serial No. 175,028

7 Claims. (Cl. 148-6.15)

This invention relates to improved compositions for the lubrication ofmetal for the purpose of conducting mechanical forming processes suchas, drawing, stamping, cutting, ironing, upsetting, extrusion, rolling,and similar metal forming processes where boundary lubrication isnecessary to reduce the high friction and to insure separation of workand tools. The invention relates particularly to the preparation and useof lubricant compositions wherein a stable organic lubricant phase ispresent with a chemical substance having an inorganic cation and capableof reacting chemically with the surface of the work piece in thepresence of water to deposit a coating selected from the groupconsisting of metal coatings, insoluble inorganic salt coatings andinsoluble organoinorganic salt coatings. Base metals with which theinvention is useful are those substantially of ferritic crystalstructure.

The usefulness of organic polar lubricants in particular has been wellestablished in such metal forming processes. The general use of fattyacids, fatty soaps, and fatty oils, such as stearic acid, tallow, lardoil, palm oil, alone or ofttimes emulsified in water is sufi'icientproof of the utility of such materials. However, in many metal formingprocesses, unit pressures occur which rupture the lubricant film formedby such organic polar lubricants alone. The addition of inert fillersand pigments, such as chalk and mica, to such organic lubricantsprovides better separation of the metal being formed from the formingtools and/or dies. This method of improving the utility of organic polarlubricants is likewise in general use.

Still another method of providing improved lubricant films for suchmetal forming processes is to pro-deposit on the metal surface atenacious inorganic coating. Oxides of the base metal, such as rust,alone or together, With inorganic materials such as lime, borax,silicates, are types of such coatings. Likewise, metallic phosphate,oxalate, sulphite and similar coatings have utility. Coating-s of themore ductile metals, such as copper, lead, and tin are widely used.

A primary object of the invention is to provide a relatively stablemultiple action lubricating composition for application to a steel workpiece substantially of ferritic crystal structure, to provide on thework piece both a chemically deposited coating capable of providing ahigh degree of separation of work and tool during cold working of thepiece and an organic friction reducingsubstance, said compositioncomprising a coating constituent including a substance having aninorganic cation and capable of reacting chemically with the surface ofthe work piece in the presence of water to deposit a coating selectedfrom the group consisting of metal coatings, insoluble inorganic saltcoatings and insoluble organodnorganic salt coatings, and an organiclubricant constituent which includes a cationic surface active compound.

A further object of :the invention is to provide .a multiple actionlubricating composition as described in the preceding object, in whichthe cationic surface active compound is selected from the groupconsisting of simple acid 2,739,913 Patented Mar. 27, 1956 salts ofnitrogen, quaternary salts of nitrogen and heterocyclic nitrogencompounds, where the compound includes a long chain hydrophobe radical.

Another object of the invention is to provide a relativelystable-multiple action lubricating composition for application to asteel work piece substantially of ferritic crystal structure, to provideon the work piece both a chemically deposited coating capable ofproviding a high degree of separation of work and tool during coldworking of the piece and an organic friction reducingsubfiance, saidcomposition comprising an acidic coating constituent including asubstance having an inorganic cation and an anion capable of reactingchemically with the surface of the work piece in the presence of waterto form thereon a coating selected from the group consisting of metalcoatings, insoluble inorganic salt coatings andinsoluble-organo-inorganic salt coatings, and an organic lubricantconstituent which includes a cationic surface active compound.

Other objects will be apparent from a study of this specification andthe appended claims.

In many metal forming operations the best results'have been obtained bythe use of tenacious inorganic coatings in conjunction with an organiclubricant. As these coatings often require the use of acidic plating orcoating baths, it has been necessary that they be applied separatelyfrom the organic lubricants, with intermediate rinsing advisable, andusually very necessary. The separate application of the coatingmaterials and the lubricating materials has until now been considerednecessary forthc reason that it was thought impossible to Provide stableand uniform compositions for supplying both by application of a singlecomposition.

The practical desirability of a multiple action lubricant which willdeposit by a single application both the lenac ip ous coating and theorganic lubricant should'be apparent. Not only does such a multipleaction lubricant film have many practical advantages, in savingapplication steps and making the process economical and trouble free,but it provides a more uniform lubricant film because of thesimultaneous application of the coating and lubricant sub stances.

To achieve homogeneous multiple action lubricant 6981' positions bothprior to and after application to the metal surface, cationic surfaceactive agents have been found the most desirable as the organic phase,or as a necessary component of that phase. This feature is an importantpart of the present invention.

Of the cation active materials investigated, whether used alone aslubricants, or as emulsifiers for other organic lubricants, we havefound most suitable the simple acid salts and quaternary salts ofnitrogen, where the nitrogen may be joined to the hydrophobe directly,as inian amine, or by means of an intermediate linkage, as in an amide.By a hydrophobe is meant the accepted colloid significance of thisterm-straight chain, branched chain, aromati or cyclic radicals, theircombined forms-or a plurality of these groups where the total number ofcarbon atoms exceeds 10. The invention is most useful where the numberof carbon atoms is from 16 to 1,8, buthy rophobe radicals can be usedwhere the number of carbon atoms exceeds 10.

Less effective, but nevertheless suitable are the hetero cyclic nitrogencompounds as well as the non-nitrogenous cation-active sulfonium andphosphoniurn types, Members of other classifications of cationicfigentsare apparently suitable, that is, members which m y be classified asguanidine, hydrazine, amine oxide, arsonium, and ampholytic types, thelatter having both .an acidic and basic group in the same molecule.

The use of these cation active substances a -a component provides amultiple action lubricant which meets for the first time the followingrequirements:

1. Homogeneous dispersions of the lubricant in water 7 over a wide rangeof temperatures and concentrations.

2. The ability to prepare very concentrated combinations of the organicand inorganic components, such combinations being suitable formarketing, storage, and shipmentas one package lubricants. v

3. More certain and better lubrication of metals'during formingoperations than now provided in many cases by separate applications ofinorganic coatings andorganic lubricants. Some of the cationicsubstances have in themselves surprisingly excellent friction reducingproperties and can be used as the entire organic phase.

. 4. Ease of application and use provided by single lubricantapplication.

5. The ability to form inorganic coatings of better quality on soiledmetal surfaces by virtue of the detergency provided by the organicphase, as well as the levelling action of the cation agents in thepresence of acid media and strong electrolytes.

6. Protection of the coated metal and metal forming equipment againstatmosphere corrosion by the immediate and simultaneous deposition of theorganic phase.

Anionic surface-active agents, for which the active hydrophobe carries anegative charge, are in the main precipitated by the electropositivecharacter of strongly acidic media and solutions of heavy metal salts. Aselected few have been suggested as wetting agents for use in phosphatebaths, but for those of possible merit the hydrophilic/ hydrophobicbalance is so high that they are useless as either lubricants oremulsifiers for lubricant materials. Since the anionic agents are almostpredominantly organic sulfates or sulfonates, they contain inorganicsulfates as residues of manufacture unless uneconomical processes areused for purification. The inorganic sulfates, obviously, promotecorrosion.

The nondonic agents exhibit water solubility and emulsifyingcharacteristics by virtue of their ability to solvate by hydrogenbonding. Since these compounds are not dissociated in water media, theyremain more or less colloidally stable in the presence of solutions ofmineral acid and metallic salts. However, they do not providedispersions of such a high degree of stability as do the cationics, andthe non-ionics usually provide dispersions of increasing instability astemperatures increase. This latter characteristic would make difiicult,if not impossible, proper application in most instances.

' .Those members of the non-ionic group which are esters, Ofcourse,would undergo decomposition into their constituent acidic and alcoholgroups in the presence of dilute mineral acid. Solubility of thenon-ionics over a wide range of acidity and basicity is a disadvantagein this type ofapplication, as such an organic phase does not enhancethe corrosion resistance of the coated metal. Likewise, the progressiveinsolubility of the cationics when in-contact with metal provides ameans of precipitating the organic phase in intimate contact with theinorganic; this phenomenon does not occur when non-ionics are employed.Nevertheless, we have found that some nonionic substances are valuableadjuncts as blending agents in some compositions where the cationic typelubricant is not miscible with the inorganic coating concentrate asprepared for subseqeunt dilution. On the basis of emulsion stability, wehave also found in some cases that each displays a synergism for theother, whereby emulsions are obtained which are more stable than wouldbe possible for either alone.

The coating part of the lubricant can consist of:

A. One or more substances having an inorganic cation, which substancesin the presence of water form a film on a metal surface of an inorganic,insoluble salt, the cation of which is substantially or entirelyprovided by the metal surface so treated. Such salt films are, forinstance, iron oxide, iron sulphide, and iron phosphate. can be formedby the use of solutions containing oxidants, such as chromates,nitrites, nitrates, chlorates, permanganates. More suitable oxidecoatings can be produced using such oxidants mentioned above in thepresence of rela tively weak acids, such as phosphoric orhydrosilicofluoric acid. Phosphate coatings can be formed using, forexample, solutions of monoor di-ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphate,or sodium phosphate.

B. One or more substances, which, in the presence of water, form a filmon a metal surface of an insoluble metal organic salt, the cation ofwhich is provided by the metal surface so treated. Such a salt film .isan' oxalate. Oxalate coatings can be produced using dilute solutions ofoxalic acid or acid oxalates.

C. One or more substances, the cation of which is inorganic, which, inthe presence of water forms one metal surface a film of an insolublesalt, the cation of which is partly or entirely foreign to the metalsurface. Typical representatives of this group are the phosphatecoatings which can consist of insoluble metal phosphates such as zinc,iron, manganese, cadmium, etc. Phosphate coatings can be formed by theuse of acid solutions of manganese or zinc phosphate, or mixturesofzinc, or manganese, and ferrous phosphate. Other acid phos phates maybe employed. The formation of the phosphate coating can be acceleratedby the addition of metals as salts which are more electropositive thanthe metal to be coated. Such accelerators are copper, silver, nickel,cobalt salts. Oxidizing agents such as nitrites, nitrates, chlorates mayalso be incorporated. Organic oxidants such as nitro compounds may alsobe used.

D. One or more substances capable of producing a metal coating, atypical representative of which is copper. Very adherent copper coatingscan be formed using acid solutions of copper sulphate or formate.Thcaddition of strong electrolytes, such as zinc sulphate, to the abovesolution, further improves the copper coating formed.

- It can be seen readily, from an inspection of the type of coatingsubstances mentioned above, that one has a wide range of choice the typeof coating material as long as the material has an inorganic cation.

In general, the amount of organic lubricant should not be less than 5%of the inorganic component. In the examples which follow, and in thegeneral practice of the invention, the presence of organic lubricant inan amount greater than that required to reach peak efliciency for thecombined lubricant does not, in general, have a detrimental effectduring metal forming operation, although such practice is not justifiedon the basis of economy. In many forming operations, excessive organiclubricant willbe removed by the pressure exerted between work and tools.Thus, in wire and tube drawing, for example, a portion of the organiclubricant may be lost by removal at the first die pass.

The upper effective limit of concentration of the organic lubricant iscontrolled somewhat by the resulting physical state of the bath. If theconcentration of the organic components becomes so high that the coatingbath becomes viscous or gelatinous, and if such baths cannot be thinnedby additives (solvents, for example), the rate of deposition of thecoating being deposited is inhibited. Increase in theviscosity of thebath decreases the mobility of its components, and as a result themetalf liquid interface may not be maintained at a sufliciently highlevel of soluble inorganic salts by replacement of the bath proper ascoating is being formed on the metal surface. Most of the lubricantsuseful in the invention lend themselves in varying degrees to thinningwithsolvents.

In selecting the amount of organic lubricant, a rough method is to setthe amount of organic lubricant as the difference between the'entiretyand the amount of the inorganic salts with the water required for thesolution of the inorganic salts. j

There are severalsuitable methods of preparing'a multipleactionlubricant as. described herein. In some cases, the coating andlubricating components may be combined directly. Another suitable methodis to preparethe coating part and the ilubricanttparx WY iund fllerieombine them into the finished multiple Suction fluhricant. With respectto water content, the multiple action lubricant may be prepared inhighly concentrated form, or in more-diluted form, {as Where limited"solubiiity orcompati'bilityoftthe constituents exists. t v

The mode of application of the multiple ltibricant product is notcritical and is generally dictated to a great extent by the type andshape of metal being formed.

While not restricted to any particular method of application it is inmost cases conveniently applied by immersion, either at room or elevatedtemperatures. Its application at elevated temperatures is preferable.

The following compositions will serve to exemplif y ithe invention,although as has been explained abovgfiheydo not exhaust the possiblevariations which may be employed within the scope o'f'the invention. *Inthese examples, the proportions are by weight.

Example 1 13% of an amide phosphate having the following composition:

72% of an organic amide lubricant having the follmving molecularcomposition: t

1 mole glycerine mono-fatty acid ester RCQOCH2 CHQH CH2OH 2 moles fattyamide lid-NH-(EHCHr-NH-CHEWNE! I OH: CH:

14.4% "of Emulphor N (derivative of polyethylene glycol, a condensationproduct ofzethyl'ene' oxide =and an organic acid supplied by GeneralDyestufi's Corp. as set forth in Surface ActiveAgents by Young andCoons, Chemical Publishing (20., 1 945.)

13.6% of phosphoric acid (70% 113F04 87% of a zinc sulfite depositingsolution containing:

9% zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H) 3% sodium meta bisulfite't(Na2S2O5) 88% H2O13% of an amide phosphate having the {following composition:

60.6% of the organic amide lubricant described r'nExampie 1.

12.1% of Emulphor ON 27.3% of phosphoric acid "(70% 113F049 87% of aferrous oxalate depositing solution containing:

2% oxalic acid 'tcoomaztno 1% ferric chloride'QFeClaGI-IaO) 97%1120Where RC0 and Billeach represent the acyl radicals of mixedsaturatedand-mpno unsaturated fatty acids of .16 and 1'8 carbona'toms.

The amide phosphate was adde'dto the inorganic solution.

A ferrous oxalate coating andan organic lubricant is provided on aworkpiece treated'according to this example.

v, Example 3 20% em -'ehanol N-(N' 'diethanolaminoethyl) stea1- amide iQ "C aHi'OH C17H;5CN

12% tallow 4% Emulphor ON y 6.3% phosphoric ado-(10% HQP-Oi) 39% of oprimary sodium phosphate solution contain ing 520 gms. NaHzPot/l. I

27.7% water a Treatment of a steel workpiece according to this exampleprovides an iron phosphate coating and an organic lubricant.

Exempted 21.6% of the organic amide lubricant described in Exam- 96. ofphosphoric acid H3PO4) 18.8% or an acid .zinc phosphate solutioncontaining 178 'gmsCzinc/l. and 1200 gms. of phosphoric acid (70% H3PO4)liter Treatment according to this example provides "a zinc phosphatecoating and an organic lubricant.

Example-5 20% of l-hydroxyethyl-Z-heptadecenyl .glyoxal idine having thefollowing structuralformula:

=-UnHa- H:

*drnomon 11.2% phosphoric acid (70%) 18.8% of the acid zinc phosphatesolution of 50% water- This example provides a zinc phosphate coatingand an organic lubricant.

Example 4 Exam'ple 6 22% primary ammonium phosphate 41% H2O4%iiphosphoric acid 00%.

This compound is a condensation product formed by the reaction of onemole of stearic acid with two moles diethanolamine at a temperatureab0vel50 C. with loss of water of reactlonand axlrop in acidity(stearic) tobelow 5 Laurie acid can beiusted in "place j'bt stearicacid, the resulting Eproduc't petngmoresoiuble. i

9.3'% limulphor N anemia -1mole fattyamide1 1 Rc-NH-onoHr-NH-oncnrmu' m"y mi Example 8 25.4% of the organic amide lubricant described in Example7 25.4% of prime lard oil 10.2% Emulphor ON 1.1;

8.8% of phosphoric acid"(70% HaPOi) 30.2% of the acid zincphosphatesolution described in Example 4.

This example produces a zinc phosphateioating and an organic lubricant.L. 1. m. Example 9 51.5% of the organic amide lubricant described inExample 4 M 10.3% Emulphor ON 7.2% of phosphoric acid (70% HsPO v p3l.0% of an acid zinc phosphate solution containing 230 gms. zinc/literand 120 0 gm'sphos'phoric acid (70% HsPOQ/liter This example provides azinc phosphatecoating' and an organic lubricant. i

l v Example 10, 1

51.5% of the organic amide lubricant described in Example 7 10.3%Emulphor ON V 7.2% of phosphoric acid (70% HsPO4) 31.0% of an acid zincphosphate solution containing 230 gms. zinc/liter, 1200 gms. phosphoricacid (70% H3PO4) /liter and 5.7 gms. copper/l. as CuCl-zlHaO Thisexample provides a zinc phosphate coating and an organic lubricant.

9.0% of phosphoric acid (70% HaPO4) 15.5% of the acid zinc phosphate.solutionas described in Example 9. 50.0% water This example provides azinc phosphate coating and an organic lubricant. V

Example 12 7.0% oleic acid v 1 3.0% stearic acid 16.5% of the amidelubricant sscsses'aaiasher" 25.0% of the amide lubricant described inExample 7 10.3% Emulphor ON 1 1. r 7.2% phosphoric acid (70% ,HsPOr) n31.0% of the acid zinc phosphate solution described in Example9. I

* Where RC0 and each represent the acyl radicalsfotlmixed stnratd and;

monounsaturated fatty acids'of' 16 and 1 8fcarboulatoms.

:Thise'xample; produces a 'zinc phosphate coating fandanzorganiclubricantfif ifu: I g Example 13 l. 5 25.5%;1'stearoyldiethanol' polyethylene: glycol ammonium chloride having the followingstructural formula .(dissociated):,---r

7 3 f V [orinuoqxqoimonou 01+. g

This example produces a zinc phosphate coating and an organic lubricant.I r e 1 Example 15 l3% ofan. amide phosphate asdescribed in Example 187% ofanacid copper sulphate solution containing:

. 1.5%:coppersulfate (CUSO4.5H20)- 3;; 2.0% zinc sulfate (ZIlSO-t.7H20)5.0% sulphuric acid (H1504 conc.) I The amide phosphate was 'added' tothe inorganic solution.

i This example provides a metallic copper coating and an organiclubricant.

Exirmple16 30% amide sulfate first... .l "Y 1 $02K!"n-o-NrhoHonr-NH-cnom-N i 5 s." Bi. a min.-

of theacid zinc phosphate'solution of Example 4 I 51.2% water I where Ris as stated in the other examples. This example provides a zincphosphate coating and an organic lubricant. i

In general, the compound n o nn-o mi N1rc=H4-NH-onznNH-ogrit-NH,

with an increase in the phosphoric acid component.

As illustrated in Examples" 3Q'and8, variousnatural fats and oilscommonly sused for: lubrication in metal working processes, such astallow and lard oil, m'ay be included in the lubricating compositions ofthe present inf vention.

The above compositions gave excellent results as metal forminglubricants. A variety of application methods were employed with variouswater dilutions. Best results were obtained with high concentrations,but economical,

satisfactory operationwas' o'btained'withf solutions containing 80.90%water applied to the metal by'im-mersion at 180-1 90 vF for 15 minutes.

.ln the practice of the inver-tion, as shown for example in the workingexamples set forth herein, the amines, amides and other nitrogenouscompounds are cationic only when in the form of salts, and the extraamounts of acid used in these examples, over and above the acid used inthe coating part of the composition, serves to convert the organiccompounds tosalts such as The X designates the anion furnished by theacid used with the organic compounds. For convenience, the claims referto the organic compounds in their original form before conversion tosalts.

Anyone skilled in the ,art will readily recognize that modification .ispossible in the products specifically disclosed herein without departingfrom the essential features 9.6% of phosphoric acid (70% HsPOt),

18.8% of an acid zinc phosphate solution containing 178 grams zinc/literand 1200 grams of phosphoric acid (70% HaPOQ/liter,

where RCO- and each represent the acyl radicals of mixed saturated andmono-unsaturated fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

Arelati-vely stable multiple action lubricating compositionforapplication to a steel work piece substantially of ferritic crystalstructure, to provide on the work piece both a chemically depositedcoating capable of providing a high degree of separation of work andtool during cold Working of the piece and an organic friction reducingsubstance, said composition consisting of:

46.5% of an organic amide lubricant having the following molecularcomposition: I

1 mole glycerine di-fatty acid ester,

RCOOCH2-CHOHCH2OOCH (i CH3 CH3 9.3% condensation product of ethyleneoxide and an organic acid 16.3% phosphoric acid (70% 'H3PO4) 27.9% of anacid zinc phosphate solution containing 178 grams zinc/liter and 1200grams phosphoric acid (70% H3PO4)/liter,

where RCO and each represent the acyl radicals of mixed saturated andmono-unsaturated fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

3. A relatively stable multiple action lubricating composition forapplication to a steel work piece substantially of ferritic crystalstructure, to provide on the work piece both a chemically depositedcoating capable of providing a high degree of separation of work andtool during said working of the piece and an organic friction reducingsubstance, said composition consisting of:

25.4% of an organic amide lubricant having thefollowing molecularcomposition:

1 mole glycerine di-fatty acid ester,

.RCOOCH2-CHOH-CH2OOCH 1 mole fatty amide RONHOHCH2NHCHCH2NH2 g 3113(IJH3 25.4% prime lard oil 10.2% condensation of ethylene oxide and anorganic acid 8.8% phosphoric acid (70% HSPO) 30.2% of an acid zincphosphate solution containing 178 grams zinc/ liter and 1200 gramsphosphoric acid (70% HsPO4) liter,

where RCO- and each represent the acyl radicals of mixed saturated andmono-unsaturated fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

4. A relatively stable multiple action lubricating composition forapplication to a steel work piece substantially of ferritic crystalstructure, to provide on the work piece both a chemically depositedcoating capable of providing a high degree of separation of Work andtool during said Working of the piece and an organic friction reducingsubstance, said composition consisting of:

51.5% of an organic amide lubricant having the following molecularcomposition:

1 mole glycerine mono-fatty acid ester,

RCOOCH2CHOHCH2OH 10.3% condensation product of ethylene oxide and anorganic acid 7.2% phosphoric acid (70% l-I3PO4) '11 31.0% of an acidzinc phosphate solution containing 230 grams zinc/liter and 1200 gramsphosphoric acid (70% H3PO4)/ liter,

where RCO- and R C ll 4 each represent the acyl radicals of mixedsaturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

' 5. A relatively stable multiple action lubricating composition forapplication to a steel work piece substantially of ferritic crystalstructure, to provide on the work piece both a chemically depositedcoating capable of providing a high degree of separation of Work andtool during said working of the piece and an organic friction reducingsubstance, said composition consisting of:

51.5% of an organic amide lubricant having the following molecularcomposition:

1 mole glycerine di-fatty acid ester,

10.3% condensation product of ethylene oxide and an organic acid 7.2%phosphoric acid (70% HsPOi) 31.0% of an acid zinc phosphate solutioncontaining 230 grams zinc/liter, 1200 grams phosphoric acid (70%HsPOQ/liter, and 5.7 grams Cu (as CuClz- 2H2O) liter,

where RCO and R 0 ll 0 each represent the acyl radicals of mixedsaturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

6. A relatively stable multiple action lubricating composition forapplication to a steel work piece substantially of ferritic crystalstructure, to provide on the work piece both a chemically depositedcoating capable of providing a high degree of separation of work andtool during said working of the piece and an organic friction reducingsubstance, said composition consisting of:

25.5% of N,N-diethanol-stearamide,

0213 021 CnHaaQ-fl 9.0% phosphoric acid (70% HaPOi),

15.5% of an acid zinc phosphate solution 230 grams zinc/liter and 1200grams phosphoric acid (70% H3PO4) liter,

7. A relatively stable multiple action lubricating composition forapplication to a steel work piece substan- RCOOCH2CHOHCH2OH 2 molesfatty amide,

R C-NH-CHCHgNHCHCHr-NHI it 3H; CH.

25.0% of an amide lubricant having the following molecular composition:

1 mole glycerine di-fatty acid ester,

RCOOCH2CHOHCH2OOCH 1 mole fatty amide BG-NH-CHCHz-NH-CHCHz-Nfig Ha Ha10.3% condensation product of ethylene oxide and an organic acid 7.2%phosphoric acid H3PO4),

31.0% of an acid zinc phosphate solution containing 178 grams zinc/literand 1200 grams phosphoric acid (70% HaPOQ/ liter,

where RCO- and each represent the acyl radicals of mixed saturated andmono-unsaturated fatty acids of 16 and 18 carbon atoms.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,007,069 Coslett Oct. 31, 1911 1,888,189 Tanner et a1 Nov. 15, 1 9321,925,305 Cohn Sept. 5, 1933 1,949,090 Tanner et al Feb. 27, 19342,008,939 Tufts July 23, 1935 2,105,015 Singer Jan. 11,1938 2,328,540Hochwalt Sept. 7, 1943 2,333,206 Sloan Nov. 2, 1943 2,385,800 Douty eta1. Oct. 2, 1945 2,403,426 Douty et al. July '2, 1946 2,470,136Brarnberry May 17,1949 2,472,393 Avallone et al. June 7, 1949 FOREIGNPATENTS H 496,866 Great Britain Dec. 7, 1933 697,556 Germany Oct- 17,1940 70,135 Norway Nov. 28, 1944

1. A RELATIVELY STABLE MULTIPLE ACTION LUBRICATING COMPOSITION FORAPPLICATION TO A STEEL WORK PIECE SUBSTANTIALLY OF FERRITIC CRYSTALSTRUCTURE, TO PROVIDE ON THE WORK PIECE BOTH A CHEMICALLY DEPOSITEDCOATING CAPABLE OF PROVIDING A HIGH DEGREE OF SEPARATION OF WORK ANDTOOL DURING COLD WORKING OF THE PIECE AND AN ORGANIC FRICTION REDUCINGSUBSTANCE, SAID COMPOSITION COMPRISING. 21.6% OF AN ORGANIC AMIDELUBRICANT HAVING THE FOLLOWING MOLECULAR COMPOSITION: 1 MOLE GLYCERINEMONO-FATTY ACID ESTER, 9.6% OF PHOSPHORIC ACID (70% H3PO4), 18.8% OF ANACID ZINC PHOSPHATE SOLUTION CONTAINING 178 GRAMS ZINC/LITER AND 1200GRAMS OF PHOSPHORIC ACID (70% H3PO4)/LITER, 50.0% H2O, WHERE RCO- AND